老年上呼吸道微生态研究

目的 通过研究健康老年机体上呼吸道微生态菌群构成，了解老龄人群上呼吸道优势菌群种类及数量，为从微生态学角度预防呼吸道感染的发生提供参考。方法 自沈阳市选取年龄为65~70岁健康老人为研究对象，无菌咽拭法采集咽后壁粘膜表面标本，对菌群进行定量分析、定性鉴定。结果 老年人群咽后壁需氧菌群与厌氧菌群数量之比为2.65∶1，检出率较高的需氧菌及厌氧菌包括唾液链球菌、口腔链球菌、缓症链球菌、微黄奈瑟菌、灰色奈瑟菌、麻疹孪生球菌等，检出率较高的菌构成比也较高。结论 健康老年人群中检出率和构成比都较高的需氧菌和厌氧菌共同构成老年人上呼吸道口咽部优势菌群，在维持呼吸系统微生态平衡中起重要作用，可作为上呼吸道微生态学研究的重要指标菌。

Upper respiratory microecology in the elderly

Objective To understand the types and quantity of dominant bacteria in the upper respiratory tract of healthy elderlies，and provide references for the prevention of respiratory tract infection based on microecology．Methods Healthy elderlies aged 65-70 years old were selected in Shenyang．Sterile pharyngeal swabs were used to collect specimens from the surface of posterior wall of the pharyngeal mucosa．Quantitative analysis and qualitative identification were performed on the bacterial flora．Results The ratio of aerobic flora to anaerobic flora in the elderly pharyngeal wall was 1.70:1．High detection rates were seen in aerobic and anaerobic bacteria including Streptococcus salivarius，Streptococcus oralis，Streptococcus mitis，Neisseria subflava，Neisseria cinerea，and Gemella mobillorum，etc．The composition ratio of the bacteria with higher detection rates were higher．Conclusion Aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria with high detection rate and composition ratio constitute the dominant bacteria in the upper respiratory tract oropharynx in healthy elderly population，which play an important role in maintaining the microecological balance of the respiratory system．