肠道微生物与神经及精神疾病的研究现状

近年来随着微生物16S rRNA、高通量测序以及序列识别技术的成熟，肠道微生物与多种疾病相关性的研究呈蓬勃发展。大量的研究证据表明肠道微生物可通过刺激迷走神经、调节下丘脑‒垂体‒肾上腺轴功能、参与调节机体免疫系统、合成分泌神经递质、产生多种自身代谢产物（如短链脂肪酸、Lipid456、BDNF等小分子物质）机制参与中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病、癫痫、神经变性疾病、抑郁症、自闭症、精神分裂症的发病过程。研究肠道微生物与中枢神经系统疾病的相互作用，为揭示复杂的中枢神经系统疾病以及精神疾病的发病机制提供科学证据，以期通过调解肠道菌群的微环境治疗神经精神类疾病。

The current status of research on the relationship between gut microbiota and central nervous disease and psychosis

Abstract: The past decade has seen rapid development of the technologies of 16S rRNA, high throughput sequencing and sequence identification in microbiology. The researches on the correlation between gut microbiota and several diseases have been flourishing. Up to date, a large number of evidences indicated that the intestinal microflora, by stimulating vagus nerve, regulating the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, involving the regulation of immune system, synthesizing and secreting neurotransmitters and producing many metabolites (such as short chain fatty acids, Lipid456, BDNF and other molecules), involve in the pathogeneses of central nervous system autoimmune diseases, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, autism and schizophrenia. Researches on the interaction between gut microbiota and central nervous system diseases will provide scientific evidences for understanding the pathogenesis of central nerve systematic diseases and mental disorders, so as to treat central nervous system diseases and psychosis by means of mediating intestinal microbiota.