母乳糖复合物对新生儿肠道菌群的影响

母乳是新生儿最理想的营养来源。母乳喂养不仅维持婴儿的发育，也促进有益的肠道微生物增殖。母乳中的糖复合物，包括游离的低聚糖、糖蛋白和糖脂，因在肠道健康和菌群调节方面起着重要作用而被越来越多的人所重视。这些糖类物质不仅能预防传染病，也可作为益生元调节肠道微生态。新生儿出生时肠道是不成熟的，复杂的母乳成分确保了肠道微环境成熟。婴儿的肠道微生物群的构成在出生后会发生连续变化。出生后的细菌定植是肠道发育和免疫系统成熟的必要条件。本文将母乳中糖物质及对婴儿肠道菌群的影响作一综述。

The impact of milk glycobiome on the gut microbiota of infants

Human milk is the most ideal source of nourishment for infants. Breastfeeding not only sustains the infant′s development but also promotes the proliferation of a protective intestinal microbiota. The milk glycans, which comprise free oligosaccharides, glycoproteins and glycolipids, are increasingly recognized as the drivers of microbiota development and overall gut health. These glycans may display pleiotropic functions, conferring protection against infectious diseases and also acting as prebiotics. The neonatal intestine at birth is immature, and the complex composition of breast milk provides elements for a microenvironment that ensures gut maturation. The composition of infant’s gut microbiota undergoes successive changes soon after delivery. Bacterial colonization after birth is essential for intestinal development and maturation of the immune system. In this article, we review the effects of human milk glycobiome on the intestinal flora of infants.