阴道微生态失调与早产相关性研究进展

健康育龄妇女的阴道微生态环境呈现多样性,阴道内微生物菌群以乳杆菌为主。乳杆菌可维持妇女阴道微环境平衡和保持阴道酸性环境以抑制致病性病原体生长。当乳杆菌比例低至致病阈值以下或无乳杆菌存在时,阴道微环境的菌群组成转变成以兼性需氧及厌氧菌为主。越来越多的证据表明,怀孕期间阴道菌群的异常与早产、及因早产和围产期结局不佳导致的潜在新生儿后遗症有关。本文综述了妊娠期阴道菌群的变化、细菌性阴道炎与早产发生风险等方面的问题,目的是帮助临床医生确定怀孕期间有阴道炎症状女性是否可接受治疗,从而降低早产、早产胎膜早破、绒毛膜羊膜炎和母胎传染病的发病率。

Vaginal microecology in pregnant women with premature birth

Abstract: The vaginal microecological environment of healthy women of childbearing age presents diversity. Lactobacilli are predominant in vaginal microbiota, which can maintain the balance of vaginal microenvironment and acidic environment of the vagina so as to inhibit the growth of pathogenic pathogens. When the ratio of Lactobacilli is below the pathogenic threshold or the presence of Lactobacilli is undetectable, the composition of the vaginal flora will change and facultative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria become predominant. More and more evidences showed that abnormal vaginal flora during pregnancy is related to premature birth and potential neonatal sequelae resulting from premature birth and poor perinatal outcomes. This review summarizes the changes in vaginal microflora during pregnancy, the risks of bacterial vaginitis and preterm birth, in order to help clinicians to determine whether pregnant women can accept the treatment for their symptoms of vaginitis, so as to reduce the rates of preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, and the incidence rate of maternal infectious diseases.