植物-土壤反馈理论及其在自然和农田生态系统中的应用研究进展

植物-土壤反馈理论最早源于农业生产，近年来已成为生态学上研究植被动态变化、群落组成和功能，以及生态系统响应人为干扰、气候变化等众多热点问题的重要理论和方法支撑。总结了植物-土壤反馈定义和类型，分析了反馈机制，在此基础上综述了该理论在自然生态系统中的应用，包括物种入侵、群落演替、植物共存及多样性形成、植物多样性-生产力关系、多营养级交互作用以及响应气候变化等关键生态学命题。探讨了植物-土壤反馈理论在农田生态系统中的应用，介绍了该理论在提高多样化种植体系生产力、土壤污染修复、种植体系设计等方面的进展和潜在应用价值。提出了植物-土壤反馈理论在未来发展中进一步研究的方向，对应用该理论提高生态系统服务功能，促进可持续发展等方面进行了展望。

Plant soil feedback theory and its applications and prospects in natural and agricultural ecosystems

The plant-soil feedback theory originates from the traditional agriculture. In recent years, it has become an important theory and methodological support in ecology for studying the vegetation dynamics, community composition and functions, and the terrestrial ecosystems responding to human interferences and climate changes. We first introduced the definitions, types and mechanisms of plant-soil feedback. Then, we reviewed how this theory could be used in natural ecosystems to understand the fundamental ecological questions including plants invasion, succession, maintenance of species coexistence and diversity, plant diversity-productivity relationships, trophic interactions and responses to climate changes. Moreover, we extended plant-soil feedback feedback theory into agricultural ecosystems, and introduced the advances and application potentials based on the theory to obtain more productivity in diverse cropping systems, soil remediation, and cropping systems design, etc.. Finally, the future research directions of plant-soil theory in future development were proposed, with a view to fully understand and utilize the plant-soil feedback to promote ecosystem services and functions and sustainable development in both natural and agricultural ecosystems.