Effect of local weather on butterfly flight behaviour,movement, and colonization: significance for dispersal under climate change |
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Authors: | Anouk Cormont Agnieszka H Malinowska Olga Kostenko Victoria Radchuk Lia Hemerik Michiel F WallisDeVries Jana Verboom |
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Institution: | (1) Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;(2) Land Use Planning Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;(3) Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;(4) Biometris, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 100, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;(5) De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation, P.O. Box 506, 6700 AM Wageningen, The Netherlands;(6) Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Recent climate change is recognized as a main cause of shifts in geographical distributions of species. The impacts of climate
change may be aggravated by habitat fragmentation, causing regional or large scale extinctions. However, we propose that climate
change also may diminish the effects of fragmentation by enhancing flight behaviour and dispersal of ectothermic species like
butterflies. We show that under weather conditions associated with anticipated climate change, behavioural components of dispersal
of butterflies are enhanced, and colonization frequencies increase. In a field study, we recorded flight behaviour and mobility
of four butterfly species: two habitat generalists (Coenonympha pamphilus; Maniola jurtina) and two specialists (Melitaea athalia; Plebejus argus), under different weather conditions. Flying bout duration generally increased with temperature and decreased with cloudiness.
Proportion of time spent flying decreased with cloudiness. Net displacement generally increased with temperature. When butterflies
fly longer, start flying more readily and fly over longer distances, we expect dispersal propensity to increase. Monitoring
data showed that colonization frequencies moreover increased with temperature and radiation and decreased with cloudiness.
Increased dispersal propensity at local scale might therefore lower the impact of habitat fragmentation on the distribution
at a regional scale. Synergetic effects of climate change and habitat fragmentation on population dynamics and species distributions
might therefore appear to be more complex than previously assumed. |
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