7个地方山羊品种遗传多样性及遗传结构分析

检测了7个地方山羊群体在15个微卫星位点的遗传多样性和遗传结构,旨为地方山羊群体的保护利用奠定基础。采集燕山绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊、承德无角山羊、济宁青山羊、太行山羊、武安山羊血液样品及内蒙古绒山羊的耳组织,利用微卫星方法分析遗传多样性及遗传结构。结果表明,7个山羊群体的平均有效等位基因数为4.2358、平均期望杂合度为0.7188、平均多态信息含量为0.7068,均具有高度的遗传多样性;总群体平均近交系数为0.0883,平均遗传分化系数为0.5442,平均基因流为0.2094。武安山羊和承德无角山羊的遗传距离最近,太行山羊和燕山绒山羊的遗传距离最远。系统进化树聚类分析表明,燕山绒山羊与辽宁绒山羊聚为一类,济宁青山羊、承德无角山羊、武安山羊、内蒙古绒山羊和太行山羊聚为一类。综上,7个地方山羊群体遗传多样性丰富,群体间遗传分化程度大,基因交流少,受近交程度影响小,具有较高的利用价值和潜力。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Genetic Structure in 7 Local Goat Breeds

Total 15 SSR sites were selected to examine the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 7 local goat breeds,which provides the basis of protection and utilization of the local goat breeds.Blood samples of Yanshan cashmere goats,Liaoning cashmere goats,Chengde polled goats,Jining gray goats,Taihang goats,Wu’an goats and ear tissues of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats were collected to investigate genetic diversity and genetic structure with microsatellite marker method.The average number of effective alleles,average expected heterozygosity and average polymorphism information content of the seven goat populations were 4.2358,0.7188 and 0.7068,respectively,indicating that these seven goat breeds had high genetic diversity.The Fit(population inbreeding number)was 0.0883,average Fst(coefficient of gene differentiation among populations)was 0.5442 and average Nm(gene flow)was 0.2094.The genetic distance between Wu’an goat and Chengde polled goat was the closest,and that between Taihang goat and Yanshan cashmere goat was the longest.UPGMA analysis showed that Yanshan cashmere goats and Liaoning cashmere goats clustered in one,as well as Jining gray goats,Chengde polled goats,Wu’an goats,Inner Mongolia cashmere goats and Taihang goats clustered in one.In sum,the genetic diversity is abundant in seven local goats with high degree of genetic differentiation.There is a little gene exchange and the influence of inbreeding is small.The results indicate the utilization value and potential are high in seven local goat breeds.