獐的警戒行为模式及逃跑起始距离的适应性变化

为了掌握獐(Hydropotes inermis)的警戒行为特征并为重引入项目提供管理依据,以人为干扰源观察獐的警戒反应,发现其警戒模式包括听(hear)或扫视(scan)、盯视(stare)、走开(walk away)、跑开(run away)、吼叫(bark)和压脖(stretch)。利用逃跑起始距离对上海松江野化圈养(自主采食)獐、上海华夏圈养(人工饲喂)獐和江苏盐城野生獐警戒性进行比较,得出人工饲喂獐警戒性最小,野生獐警戒性最大。野化獐警戒性提高,表明可通过降低人类活动和种群密度、扩大区域面积等途径野化提高獐警戒性。

Vigilance Pattern of Chinese Water Deer and the Adaptation Characteristics Using Flight Initiation Distance as a Metric

From September, 2010 to August, 2011, we tested the vigilance pattern of the semi-captive Chinese Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis) with human simulated predator in Songjing, Shanghai, and results suggest that Chinese water deer's vigilance pattern includes hearing and scanning, staring and walking away or running away, and sometimes they bark or stretch their necks while staring. Barking in Chinese water deer mainly functions as an anti-predator behavior against predators instead of sending signals to other deer. Stretching may function as a trial to tell the level of threats from a predator or function as a ritualized behavior which indicates the health status of the water deer. We didn't observe aggressive behavior in Chinese water deer. We used flight initiation distance (FID) as a metric to compare the vigilance level of water deer populations of different captive status, including captive, human supplementary water deer in Huaxia, captive, free grazing water deer in Songjiang, and wild water deer in Yancheng Natural Reserve. The results suggest that the vigilance level differs significantly, which means captive water deer decrease their vigilance level compared to their wild counterparts, however human raised water deer could be trained to increased vigilance level. Experiences with human, size of space, population density and the existence of fences may contribute to the difference of FID.