Oogenesis and ovarian histology of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis

Although folliculogenesis and oogenesis have been observed in numerous reptiles, these phenomena have not been described in detail in a crocodilian. Oogenesis and histological features of the adult ovary of Alligator mississippiensis are described. Using a complex process, the ovary develops telolecithal oocytes that attain a diameter of 38.8 +/- 2.4 mm. The morphology of yolk platelets shows gradual changes throughout the oogenic process. Initially, yolk platelets are seen surrounded by a vesicle. As vitellogenesis advances, the vesicles contain numerous yolk spheres, with slowly growing platelets. The yolk spheres continue to increase in size and number within the vacuoles. Differences in the animal and vegetal poles are seen based on the morphology and size of the yolk platelets. The ovary of A. mississippiensis shows a well-developed system of lacunae and bundles of smooth muscle around the follicles in all stages of development. Several features seen in the ovary of A. mississippiensis are similar to those observed in birds. In particular, the morphology of the yolk platelets, especially during the middle and late vitellogenic stages, and the presence of a ovarian system of lacunae and smooth muscle. These similarities in the reproductive biology of crocodilians and birds contribute to current studies of the evolution of archosaurian reproduction.