农业高效用水理论研究综述

农业高效用水包括节水灌溉和旱作农业，其核心是提高自然降水和灌溉水的利用效率和效益．农田蒸散的测定方法各有利弊．FAO先后建议用Penman修正式和Penman-Monteith公式计算参考作物蒸散量．Jensen乘法模型和Blank加法模型在作物水分生产函数研究中得到广泛应用．土壤适宜含水量和土壤干旱下限指标的最新研究成果，为低定额的农业供水提供了土壤物理学的重要依据．水分亏缺对与产量形成相关的各个生理过程影响的先后顺序为细胞扩张＞气孔运动＞蒸腾运动＞光合作用＞物质运输．不很严重的干旱反而对物质运输有促进作用．农田灌溉研究已由传统的充分灌溉，转向非充分灌溉、调亏灌溉和控制性分根交替灌溉．未来农业高效用水理论将在界面、土壤水动力学、生物节水、缺水逆境等方面深入开展研究。

An overview on theoretic research of high efficient water use in agriculture

High efficient water use in agriculture includes water saving irrigation and dryland farming, its core being to increase use efficiency and benefit of natural precipitation and irrigation. Each of measurement methods of field evapotranspiration has its advantages and disadvantages. Modified Penman and Penman Monteith formulae were recommended to calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration by FAO one after another. Jensen and Blank models had a wide use in crop water production function. Recent achievements of appropriate soil moisture and lower limit of soil drought indices provided an important basis of soil physics for agricultural water supply of low quota.The influencing sequence of water stress on different physiological processes correlated with yield formation was in order of cell stretch>stoma movement>transpiration>photosynthesis>matter transfer. Non severe drought could facilitate matter transfer. Field irrigation research has turn to deficit irrigation, regulated deficit irrigation and controlled alternative irrigation from traditional full irrigation. In the future, such researches as interfaces, soil water dynamics, biological water saving and water stress would be deeply conducted in high efficient water use theory in agriculture.