The mycorrhizal status of Phragmites australis in several polluted soils and sediments of an industrialised region of Northern Portugal |
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Authors: | RS Oliveira J C Dodd P M L Castro |
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Institution: | (1) Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200–072 Porto, Portugal, PT;(2) International Institute of Biotechnology/ Research School of Biosciences, University of Kent Campus, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7YW, UK, GB;(3) International Institute of Biotechnology, Biotechnology MIRCEN, 1/13 Innovation Buildings, Sittingbourne Research Centre, Sittingbourne, Kent ME9 8HL, UK, e-mail: jcdodd@iibiotech.fsbusiness.co.uk Tel.: +44-1795-411541, Fax: +44-1795-411521, GB |
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Abstract: | Roots of Phragmites australis from three polluted soils and sediments (a periodically flooded stream bank containing organic pollutants, a high-pH drying
sedimentation pond and an acidic, periodically flooded sand polluted by industrial effluents) were sampled over a 1-year cycle
of plant growth to assess the degree of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). At the dry sedimentation pond,
root samples of Juncus effusus and Salix atrocinerea were also taken to assess the presence of AMF throughout the year. Root colonisation was low (<5% root length colonised)
but arbuscule presence peaked in P. australis during the spring and autumn prior to flowering. These changes in arbuscule abundance were also seen in a parallel greenhouse
trial using seed taken from one of the sites. Roots of J. effusus contained mainly vesicular colonisation but arbuscule activity peaked during the winter months (December–March). S. atrocinerea roots were found to be ectomycorrhizal throughout the year but the fine feeder roots were colonised by AMF. The results confirm
that semi-aquatics, like P. australis, can become arbuscular mycorrhizal but that this status changes during the year depending on soil moisture content and plant
phenology. The influence of AMF in these polluted soils is uncertain but the potential exists to establish a more diverse
plant ecosystem during the landscaping of these areas (phytostabilisation) by management of adapted plant and AMF ecotypes.
Accepted: 6 November 2000 |
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Keywords: | Phragmites australis Arbuscular mycorrhizas Pollution Sedimentation pond Salix atrocinerea |
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