Flow cytometric measurement of labile zinc in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Labile (i.e., free or loosely bound) zinc has the potential to modulate cellular function. Therefore, a flow cytometric assay for the measurement of labile zinc was developed to facilitate the investigation of the physiological roles of zinc. The zinc-sensitive fluorescent probe FluoZin-3 was used to quantify the amount of labile zinc in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from human blood. Maximal fluorescence and autofluorescence of the probe were measured after the addition of zinc in the presence of the ionophore pyrithione, or the membrane-permeant chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-pyridyl-methyl)ethylenediamine, respectively. In this way, the intracellular concentrations of labile zinc in resting cells were estimated to be 0.17 nM in monocytes and 0.35 nM in lymphocytes. The method was successfully employed to monitor phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced zinc release, which occurred in monocytes but not lymphocytes, and the displacement of protein-bound zinc by the mercury-containing compounds HgCl(2) and thimerosal. Costaining with dyes that emit at higher wavelengths than FluoZin-3 allows multiparameter measurements. Two combinations with other dyes are shown: loading with propidium iodide to measure cellular viability and labeling with antibodies against the surface antigen CD4. This method allows measurement of the concentration of biologically active labile zinc in distinct cell populations.