云南抚仙湖、洱海、滇池水生植被的生态特征

抚仙湖、洱海和滇池是云南高原上较大的三个断层构造湖泊。作者于1981—1983年对这三个湖泊的水生植物种类、分布、产量、植被类型以及演替作了调查。其结果是:(1)抚仙湖、洱海和滇池的湖盐形态、湖水的理、化性质以及生物生态条件是很不相同的:抚仙湖是我国第二深水湖泊,洱海是半深水湖,而滇池却是一个浅水湖泊。因此,水生植物的生态特征也是各不相同的;(2)随着湖泊的逐渐发育和演化水生植物的种类由少到多,而植被类型及其演替则由简单到复杂(即抚仙湖→洱海→滇池);(3)制约水生植物生长、分布的主要环境因素是水深、风浪、透明度以及沉积物的组成等;(4)水生植物的生态特征指示了滇池和洱海已经进入老年化阶段,其沼泽化程度是:滇池>洱海>抚仙湖;(5)滇池自受到工业废水污染以后,水生植被遭受到破坏,湖泊生态系统失去自然平衡,许多水生植物受到危害或者濒于绝灭(如海菜花、微齿眼子菜等),但是,漂浮植物却得到了发展(如凤眼莲)。

THE ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AQUATIC VEGETATIONS IN THE LAKES OF FUXIANHU,ER HAI AND DIAN CHI IN YUNNAN PLANTEAU

Fuxianhu, Er Hai and Dian Chi are the three larger fault-structure lakes in Yunnan planteau of South-western China.The species, distribution and yield as well as vegetational types and Succession of aquatic plants for these three lakes were investigated during 1981-1983. The results are Summarized as follows:1. The morphometric aspects of the basins, the physical and Chemical properties of lake waters,and biological ecological Conditions of these three fault-structure lakes are very different nature: Fuxian...