Regional patterns of ecosystem functional diversity in the Argentina Pampas using MODIS time-series |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Agronomía, Laboratorio de Investigación y Servicios en Teledetección de Azul (LISTA), Av. República de Italia 780, C7300 Azul, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Laboratorio de Investigación y Servicios en Teledetección de Azul (LISTA), Av. República de Italia 780, C7300 Azul, Argentina;3. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas (CIC) de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Laboratorio de Investigación y Servicios en Teledetección de Azul (LISTA), Av. República de Italia 780, C7300 Azul, Argentina;4. Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES-CONICET), Ruta 5 y Av. Constitución, C6700 Luján, Argentina;5. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Grupo de Ecología de Paisajes y Medio Ambiente (GEPAMA), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Washington 1821, C1430ETA Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Office of Environment and Heritage New South Wales, PO Box 5336, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;2. Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Frank Fenner Building, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia;3. Office of Environment and Heritage New South Wales, University of New England, PO Box U221, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;4. School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;1. U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Rm. 123, University of Arizona, 1110 E. So. Campus Drive, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Core Science Analytics and Synthesis, Denver Federal Center Bldg. 810, Lakewood, CO 80225, United States;3. U.S. Geological Survey, USA National Phenology Network, 1955 E 6th St., Tucson, AZ 85721, United States;4. NOAA Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States |
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| Abstract: | The characterization of ecosystem functioning is significant for different purposes such as biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. A key aspect of ecosystem functioning is carbon gains, since it represents the energy available for upper trophic levels. In this sense, remote-sensing methods have allowed the study of ecosystem dynamics and spatial distribution at different spatial and temporal scales. The objectives were to describe the regional patterns of ecosystem functional diversity and to establish the importance of interannual variability in the definition of Ecosystem Functional Types (EFTs) in the Argentina Pampas. EFTs were obtained from carbon gains using a set of seven functional attributes and their interannual variations, which were retrieved from 14-year NDVI time-series. An ISODATA technique was applied to all the analyzed variables, and the clusters that best separate in the n-dimensional space were selected using discriminant analysis. The Argentina Pampas shows a high heterogeneity in the spatial patterns of ecosystem functional attributes. The annual integral of NDVI (i-NDVI, a linear estimator of net primary productivity), a complex of ecosystem functional attributes that describe the interannual variability, and the annual relative range of NDVI (RREL, ecosystem seasonality) had the highest relevance to distinguish nine EFTs in the study area. This study shows a novel approach for mapping ecosystem functioning, which reveals the importance of interannual variations. This methodology includes the effects of climate variability on ecosystem dynamics, thus enhancing our understanding of ecosystem functional diversity. The results obtained represent a baseline scenario to evaluate the effects of both land use change and climate variability on ecosystem functioning from a temporal perspective. |
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