Cancers in France in 2015 attributable to high body mass index |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France;2. Léon Bérard Cancer Centre, Lyon, France; Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, UMR Inserm 1052 CNRS 5286 Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Prom. Léa et Napoléon Bullukian, 69008, Lyon, France;3. Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France;4. Nutrition and Metabolism Section, Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France;5. Nutrition Risk Assessment Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France;6. Agence Nationale de Santé Publique, Université Paris 13, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny Cedex, France;1. Department of Haematology and Central Haematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland;2. Department for BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland;3. Foundation National Institute for Cancer Epidemiology and Registration (NICER) c/o University of Zurich, Switzerland;4. Divisions of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland;5. Haematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland;6. Division of Haematology and Central Haematology Laboratory, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Switzerland;7. Department of Haemato-Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Fribourg, Switzerland;8. Division of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Switzerland;9. Clinic for Haematology and Oncology,Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland;10. Service and Central Laboratory of Haematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland;11. Department of Oncology, Division of Hematology, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland;12. Clinic of Haematology, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Switzerland;1. Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and of Medicine, University of California, 3333 California Street, Suite 420, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0613, USA;2. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0613, USA;3. San Francisco Department of Public Health, 25 Van Ness Avenue, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA, 94102-6012, USA;1. Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;2. Regional Cancer Center Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden;3. Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden;4. Division of Surgery, Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;1. Inserm, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Radiation Epidemiology Group, Villejuif, F-94805, France;2. Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France;3. University of Paris-Sud, Villejuif, F-94800, France;4. Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France;5. Thyroid Cancer Registry of Rhone-Alpes, Lyon, France;6. Thyroid Cancer Registry of Champagne-Ardennes, France;7. Cancer Registry of Isère, France;8. French National Childhood Solid Cancer Registry, CHU Nancy, France;9. Doubs Cancer Registry, CHU Besançon, France;10. Cancer Registry of Bas-Rhin, Strasbourg, France;11. Cancer Registry of Haut-Rhin, Mulhouse, France;12. Public Health Department, University Hospital Nice, France;13. US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA;1. Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada;2. Department of Surgery, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada;3. Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen’s University Cancer Research Institute, Canada;1. Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia;2. Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia;3. Aboriginal Health Research Group, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundOverweight, as defined by high body mass index (BMI), is an established risk factor for various morbidities including cancer. Globally, its prevalence has increased markedly over the past decades. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion and number of cancers that were attributable to high BMI in France in 2015.MethodsPopulation attributable fractions (PAFs) and numbers of cancer cases attributable to high BMI (a population mean BMI above the optimum of 22 kg/m2) were estimated by age and sex, for cancer sites with convincing or probable evidence of an established causal link. Assuming a 10-year lag-period, PAFs were calculated using mean BMI estimates from a cross-sectional French population survey, and relative risk estimates from published meta-analyses.ResultsAn estimated 18,639 cancer cases diagnosed in France in 2015 were attributable to high BMI, corresponding to 5.3% of all cancer cases (6.7% in women and 4.1% in men). This included 4507 cases of postmenopausal breast and 3380 cases of colon cancer. The highest estimated PAFs were for oesophageal adenocarcinoma and corpus uteri cancer (37% and 34%, respectively).ConclusionHigh BMI is associated with a substantial number of cancer cases in France, a country with a low but increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity when compared to other European countries. Assuming that the association between high BMI and cancer is causal, these results highlight the need to prioritise the prevention of this risk factor as part of cancer control planning in France and elsewhere in Europe. |
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| Keywords: | Overweight Cancer Prevention Population attributable fraction Europe |
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