温度和湿度对麦长管蚜飞行能力的影响

利用计算机控制的微小昆虫飞行磨系统测定了温度、湿度对麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae飞行能力的影响。结果表明，适于飞行的温度为12～22℃，湿度为60%～80%。在温度8℃以下或25℃以上，其飞行能力明显降低。在温度18℃时，麦长管蚜的平均飞行时间、飞行距离最大分别为3.101 h、3.676 km。在相对湿度40%、60%和80%时，飞行时间分别为1.573 h、2.272 h和3.032 h，飞行距离与湿度的关系与飞行时间相似。飞行速度随温度的增高而加快，在相对湿度60%左右时，麦长管蚜的平均飞行速度较快。在20℃,相对湿度80%条件下，单个个体的最大飞行时间、最大飞行距离和最大飞行速度可达14.32 h、22.51 km和1.57 km/ h，表现出麦长管蚜具有较强的飞行能力。

Influence of temperature and humidity on the flight capacity of Sitobion avenae

The grain aphid Sitobion avenae is migratory and seriously infests wheat in China. In this study, flight performances of winged adults of the grain aphid were measured with a 32 channel, computer monitored flight mill system at ten temperatures from 8℃ to 30℃ and three relative humidities (40%, 60%, 80%). The results showed that 12℃～22℃ and 60%～80% RH are suitable for their flight. It was difficult for the aphid to take off at 8℃ and the flight time was shortened significantly. When the humidity increased, the flight time prolonged and the flight distance increased. The flight speed was greater at a RH range of about 60% RH. The maximum flight duration, distance and speed of single aphid were 22.51 h, 14.63 km and 2.05 km/h respectively.