山东青岛大珠山遗址晚更新世人类活动的环境背景

大珠山遗址是青岛市首个具有地层依据的旧石器遗址。该遗址的发掘不仅丰富了我国沿海地区的旧石器考古材料,更对探讨早期人类的生存适应和迁移扩散等问题具有深远意义。解译遗址中的环境背景信息,可以帮助我们更准确地理解当时人类的生存状态。本文通过花粉和磁化率等指标,重建了该遗址所在区域的环境演变过程。研究结果显示:1)大珠山遗址的光释光年龄为65.7-52.9ka,对应MIS4-MIS3c;2)从MIS5b到MIS3b(86.0-45.0ka),区域植被经历4个演替阶段,依次为落叶林草原、落叶阔叶林草原、温带草原和疏林草原,其反映的气候趋势与区域背景下的环境变化过程基本一致;3)MIS4-MIS3c期间迅速回暖的气候,稳定适宜的生存环境,均为早期人类的活动提供良好的生态背景。随后气候转冷,海岸线后退,该地区的人类遗存明显减少,可能指示人类活动减弱或者迁出。这种不同时期内的人类活动强度的变化,表明气候主控下的生存环境变化深刻影响着近海地区早期人类的适应策略。

Late Pleistocene environmental background of human occupations of the Dazhushan Paleolithic site in Qingdao,Shandong, China

Dazhushan is the first Paleolithic site with stratigraphic information in Qingdao City. Its excavation not only replenishes the Paleolithic archaeological materials in coastal areas of northern China, but also has far-reaching significance for exploring scientific questions, such as survival, adaptation, and migration of prehistoric humans. Therefore, to understand the living conditions in the corresponding period, it’s necessary to reconstruct the environmental background. In this study, we reconstructed the history of environmental changes of the area, with pollen, magnetic susceptibility, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. Our preliminary results are as follow: 1) Dazhushan site appeared in the late Pleistocene, and its absolute burial age of archaeological remains is 65.7-52.9ka, which corresponds to late Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS4) to early MIS3; 2) From late MIS5 to middle MIS3 (86.0-45.0ka), the process of regional vegetation succession consists of four stages: deciduous forest grassland, deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest grassland, temperate grassland, and sparse forest grassland. The climate trend reflected in this site is basically consistent with that in the regional context; 3) Between late MIS4 and early MIS3, the rapidly warming climate and the stable living environment have provided an appropriate ecological background for human to survive. Subsequently, the dropping of temperature, marine regression, and the massive reductions of archaeological remains may indicate the weakening of human activities or migrations to other areas. The changes of the intensity of human occupations in different periods show that the survival strategy of early humans had been profoundly influenced by the living environment, which was mainly dominated by the regional climate.