无脊椎动物的比较发育免疫(英文)

高等动物是由低等动物经过一个漫长的历程逐渐进化来的，其免疫机制也是伴随这一过程逐渐发展和完善起来的。免疫的进化不能象身体结构的进化一样可被化石记录下来；只能通过对现存动物的免疫机制、免疫组织及器官的个体发育和系统发育进行比较研究来搞清。近年来比较免疫学有了突飞猛进的发展，涉及的动物也越来越广泛，本文就已掌握的资料；对无脊椎动物的免疫机制、免疫组织及器官的个体发育和系统发育进行了比较和综述，从中可以看出，免疫机制普遍存在于无脊椎动物中，其免疫主要以吞噬作用、凝集作用和抗菌作用为主；免疫特异性较弱，细胞免疫的特异性远较体液免疫的特异性程度高；在较低等的腔肠动物就已出现了免疫记忆和移植排斥反应，并且在其后的无脊椎动物中广泛存在；凝集素广泛存在于无脊椎动物中，很可能在免疫识别甚至免疫记忆中扮演重要角色；无脊椎动物的免疫是随进化而逐渐加强的。

A Review on the Developmental and Comparative Immunology in Invertebrates

Recently, the research on developmental and comparative immunology has been developing quickly, and a great variety of animals have been studied in detail for this issue. A brief review of the current findings on developmental and comparative immunology in invertebrates is given in this paper. Based on the comparison and analysis of these references, the following conclusions can be drawn: immunity exists in every phylum of invertebrates, even though it is less developed and phagocytosis, agglutination and anti-microbial activity are the main forms of immunity in invertebrates; Cellular immunity is much more specific than humoral immunity in invertebrates; Immunological memory and graft rejection were found in Coelenierate and the following phyla; The lectin that exists in most phyla of invertebrates is the most possible candidate to be responsible for immunological recognition and memory in invertebrates; The immunity of invertebrates developed along with the evolution of invertebrates.