Pancreatic islet cells are highly susceptible towards the cytotoxic effects of chemically generated nitric oxide |
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Authors: | Klaus-D. Kröncke Heinz-H. Brenner Maria-L. Rodriguez Kai Etzkorn Eike A. Noack Hubert Kolb Victoria Kolb-Bachofen |
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Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, FRG;2. Diabetes Research Institute, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, FRG;3. Central Research, Department of Biotechnology, Bayer AG, Leverkusen, FRG;4. Department of Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, FRG |
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Abstract: | To compare the sensitivity of different mammalian cell types towards the cytotoxic action of nitric oxide, freshly isolated rat pancreatic islet cells, hepatocytes, resident and activated macrophages, cultured aortic endothelial cells and two murine tumor cell lines were tested for susceptibility towards exogenous nitric oxide. As sources for nitric oxide nitroprusside, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine and the sydnonimine-derivative SIN-1 were used. These generate nitric oxide by different mechanisms and kinetics. Among the cell types tested we found large differences in their susceptibility towards the three nitric oxide donors. Islet cells were by far the most sensitive of the investigated cells and were completely lysed by all three nitric oxide donors. Hepatocytes and endothelial cells were sensitive towards nitroprusside but relatively resistant towards toxicity of SIN-1 and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine. Activated and resident macrophages were lysed by SIN-1, whereas high concentrations of nitroprusside and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine led to partial cell lysis only. The tumor cell lines were both lysed by SIN-1 but showed differences in their sensitivity towards S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine. Nitric oxide, which is produced in large amounts during infection and inflammation, may play an important role in the destruction of islet cells during insulitis leading to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
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Keywords: | Islet cell Nitric oxide donor Cytotoxcity Rat Macrophage Tumor cell NO nitric oxide NP nitroprusside SNAP SIN-1 3-morpholino-sydnominine denitrosylated 3-morpholino-sydnonimine 50% lethal concentration |
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