Garlic allyl derivatives interact with membrane lipids to modify the membrane fluidity |
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Authors: | Hironori Tsuchiya Motohiko Nagayama |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Dental Basic Education, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Building 3, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho Gifu, 501-0296, Japan;(2) Department of Oral Pathology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan |
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Abstract: | As a novel approach to the mode of medicinal action of garlic, its constituents were comparatively studied with respect to
their interactions with membrane lipids to modify the membrane fluidity. Allyl derivatives rigidified tumor cell and platelet
model membranes consisting of unsaturated phospholipids and cholesterol at 20–500 μM with the potency being diallyl trisulfide
(DATS) > diallyl disulfide (DADS) by preferentially acting on the hydrocarbon cores of lipid bilayers. They were also effective
in rigidifying candida cell model membranes prepared with ergosterol and phospholipids at 100–500 μM with the potency being
DADS > DATS > diallyl sulfide (DAS), but not bacteria cell model membranes without ergosterol. Alliin, a precursor of these
DASs, was not active on any membranes at 500 μM. Both relative intensity and selectivity in membrane effects correlated with
those in antiproliferative, antiplatelet and antimicrobial effects. In cell culture experiments, membrane-active DASs inhibited
the growth of tumor cells cultured for 24 and 48 h at 20–500 μM to show the potency being DATS > DADS, together with rigidifying
cell membranes by acting on their deeper regions more intensively. However, membrane-inactive allyl derivatives were not growth-inhibitory
on tumor cells. The membrane lipid interactions of DASs appear to be one of possible mechanisms underlying different effects
of garlic. |
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Keywords: | Allyl derivatives Garlic Membrane lipid interaction Fluidity modification Antiproliferative effect |
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