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Plant functional types and traits as biodiversity indicators for tropical forests: two biogeographically separated case studies including birds, mammals and termites |
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| Authors: | Andrew N. Gillison David E. Bignell Kenneth R. W. Brewer Erick C. M. Fernandes David T. Jones Douglas Sheil Peter H. May Allan D. Watt Reginaldo Constantino Eduardo G. Couto Kurniatun Hairiah Paul Jepson Agus P. Kartono Ibnu Maryanto Germano G. Neto Meine van Noordwijk Elton A. Silveira Francis-Xavier Susilo Stephen A. Vosti Paulo C. Nunes |
| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Biodiversity Management, P.O. Box 120, Yungaburra, QLD, 4884, Australia 2. Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 20. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK 3. School of Finance and Applied Statistics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia 4. The World Bank, I6-603, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC, 20433, USA 5. Soil Biodiversity Group, Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK 21. Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation (ITFC) at Ruhija, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, P.O. Box 44, Kabale, Uganda 22. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Sindangbarang, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia 6. School of Environmental Sciences and Management, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia 7. Depto de Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Presidente Vargas, 417-9° andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20072-030, Brazil 8. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, Scotland, UK 9. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidada de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910.900, Brazil 10. Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Boa Esperan?a, Cuiabá, MT, 78.060.090, Brazil 11. Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145, Indonesia 12. Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TB, UK 23. School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK 13. Department of Forest Resources, Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia 14. Zoology Museum, Research and Development Center for Biology (LIPI), Jl. Juanda 22, Bogor, 16122, Indonesia 15. Depto Zoológico, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernado Correa da Costa, Coxipó da Ponte, Cuiabá, MT, 78.060.900, Brazil 16. World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 161, Bogor, 16001, Indonesia 17. Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente do Estado de Mato Grosso, Palacio Paiaguas Rua C, Cuiabà, MT, 78.050.970, Brazil 18. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung University, Jl. Prof. Dr. Sumantri Bojonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia 19. Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA 24. ADERJUR, Juruena, Mato Grosso, CEP, 78.340.000, Brazil |
| Abstract: | Multi-taxon surveys were conducted in species-rich, lowland palaeotropical and neotropical forested landscapes in Sumatra, Indonesia and Mato Grosso, Brazil. Gradient-directed transects (gradsects) were sampled across a range of forested land use mosaics, using a uniform protocol to simultaneously record vegetation (vascular plant species, plant functional types (PFTs) and vegetation structure), vertebrates (birds, mammals) and invertebrates (termites), in addition to measuring site and soil properties, including carbon stocks. At both sites similar correlations were detected between major components of structure (mean canopy height, woody basal area and litter depth) and the diversities of plant species and PFTs. A plant species to PFT ratio [spp.:PFTs] was the best overall predictor of animal diversity, especially termite species richness in Sumatra. To a notable extent vegetation structure also correlated with animal diversity. These surrogates demonstrate generic links between habitat structural elements, carbon stocks and biodiversity. They may also offer practical low-cost indicators for rapid assessment in tropical forest landscapes. |
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