Toxicity and repellency of some biorational insecticides toBemisia argentifolii on tomato plants |
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Authors: | Tong-Xian Liu and Philip A Stansly |
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Institution: | (1) Southwest Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, P.O. Drawer 5127, 33934 Immokalee, FL, USA |
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Abstract: | A mineral oil, an insecticidal soap, and a plant-derived surfactant were compared with a broad-spectrum pyrethroid for residual
toxicity and repellency to silverleaf whitefly,Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Miller, cv. Lanai) under greenhouse and laboratory conditions. The materials tested were: Sunspray oil (a mineral oil), M-Pede
(an insecticidal soap),Nicotiana gossei extract (a sucrose ester surfactant), Garlic Barrier (repellency only), and the pyrethroid bifenthrin (Brigade 10WP), with
water as a control. For toxicity studies, whiteflies were confined on leaves which had been dipped in solutions of 0.5×, 1×
and 2× field rate concentrations. Insecticide residues were compared when the leaves were wet and dry. Adult mortalities were
greatest with bifenthrin and Sunspray oil, followed by M-Pede,N. gossei extract and water. Mortality from dry residue of lower rates of bifenthrin and sunspray oil was greater than mortality from
wet residues, whereas M-Pede lost all activity upon drying. Dual and multiple choice tests for repellency were carried out
in the greenhouse or laboratory by spraying plants or individual leaves to runoff with 1 × field concentrations. Bifenthrin
and Sunspray oil repelledB. argentifolii adults for up to 7 and 5 days, respectively, followed by M-Pede and extract ofN. gossei, whereas Garlic Barrier was not significantly different from the water control in all tests. Numbers of whitefly eggs were
significantly reduced on bifenthrin and Sunspray oil-treated leaves, whereas egg numbers in other treatments were not different
from water. Sunspray oil as a dip proved to be at least as effective as the synthetic pyrethroid for whitefly control. A multiple-choice
leaf-wheel proved to be a useful device to quickly evaluate repellent effects of several different insecticides to whitefly. |
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Keywords: | Insecta silverleaf whitefly sweetpotato whitefly surfactant pyrethroid mineral oil insecticidal soap Nicotiana gossei |
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