Development and tissue origins of the mammalian cranial base |
| |
Authors: | McBratney-Owen B Iseki S Bamforth S D Olsen B R Morriss-Kay G M |
| |
Affiliation: | a Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, 190 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA b Molecular Craniofacial Embryology Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan c Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK d Le Gros Clark Building, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK |
| |
Abstract: | The vertebrate cranial base is a complex structure composed of bone, cartilage and other connective tissues underlying the brain; it is intimately connected with development of the face and cranial vault. Despite its central importance in craniofacial development, morphogenesis and tissue origins of the cranial base have not been studied in detail in the mouse, an important model organism. We describe here the location and time of appearance of the cartilages of the chondrocranium. We also examine the tissue origins of the mouse cranial base using a neural crest cell lineage cell marker, Wnt1-Cre/R26R, and a mesoderm lineage cell marker, Mesp1-Cre/R26R. The chondrocranium develops between E11 and E16 in the mouse, beginning with development of the caudal (occipital) chondrocranium, followed by chondrogenesis rostrally to form the nasal capsule, and finally fusion of these two parts via the midline central stem and the lateral struts of the vault cartilages. X-Gal staining of transgenic mice from E8.0 to 10 days post-natal showed that neural crest cells contribute to all of the cartilages that form the ethmoid, presphenoid, and basisphenoid bones with the exception of the hypochiasmatic cartilages. The basioccipital bone and non-squamous parts of the temporal bones are mesoderm derived. Therefore the prechordal head is mostly composed of neural crest-derived tissues, as predicted by the New Head Hypothesis. However, the anterior location of the mesoderm-derived hypochiasmatic cartilages, which are closely linked with the extra-ocular muscles, suggests that some tissues associated with the visual apparatus may have evolved independently of the rest of the “New Head”. |
| |
Keywords: | A, ala temporalis cartilage AC, auditory capsule ACO, alicochlear commissure AR, acrochordal cartilage AT, ala temporalis (greater wing) of basisphenoid bone B, basitrabecular process BF, basicranial fenestra BO, basioccipital bone BS, basisphenoid bone CA, canalicular part of auditory capsule CM, cranial mesenchyme CO, cochlear part of auditory capsule DI, diencephalon EB, ethmoid bone EO, exoccipital bone (will eventually fuse to basioccipital bone) F, frontal cartilage FB, frontal bone FV, fourth ventricle of hindbrain GW, greater wing (ala temporalis) of the basisphenoid bone H, hypophyseal cartilage HF, hypophyseal fenestra LW, lesser wing of the presphenoid bone MNP, medial nasal process MV, mesencephalic vesicle of midbrain MX, maxillary process NL, orbitonasal lamina of the paranasal cartilage O, orbital cartilage OA, occipital arch cartilage OF, optic foramen ON, optic nerve OR, optic recess P, parachordal cartilage PA, parietal cartilage PI, developing pituitary gland PN, paranasal cartilage PS, presphenoid bone PSS, presphenoidal synchondrosis S, supraoccipital cartilage SB, supraoccipital bone (will eventually fuse to basioccipital bone) SOS, spheno-occipital synchondrosis SQ, squamosal bone T, trabecular cartilage (trabecular plate) TB, basal portion of trabecular plate TG, trigeminal nerve TN, nasal portion of trabecular plate To, Tongue TV, third ventricle of forebrain Y, hypochiasmatic cartilage |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect PubMed 等数据库收录! |
|