Behavioral interference and facilitation in the foraging cycle shape the functional response |
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Authors: | Nilsson, P. Anders Lundberg, Per Bronmark, Christer Persson, Anders Turesson, Hakan |
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Affiliation: | Department of Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Individual forager behaviors should affect per capita intakerates and thereby population and consumer-resource properties.We consider and incorporate conspecific facilitation and interferenceduring the separate foraging-cycle stages in a functional responsemodel that links individual behavioral interactions with consumer-resourceprocesses. Our analyses suggest that failing to properly considerand include all effects of behavioral interactions on foraging-cyclestage performances may either over- or underestimate effectsof interactions on the shape of both functional responses andpredator zero-growth isoclines. Incorporation of prey- and predator-dependentinteractions among foragers in the model produces predator isoclineswith potentials for highly complex consumer-resource dynamics.Facilitation and interference during the foraging cycle aretherefore suggested as potent behavioral mechanisms to causepatterns of community dynamics. We emphasize that correct estimationsof interaction-mediated foraging-cycle efficiencies should beconsidered in empirical and theoretical attempts to furtherour understanding of the mechanistic link between social behaviorsand higher order processes. |
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Keywords: | behavior model predation social foraging. |
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