微生物对甲醛的净化效应与作用机制

甲醛是一种无色、强刺激性、危害人体嗅觉及免疫功能的有毒气体。目前工业的快速发展和室内装修的盛兴使得甲醛成为工业废气和室内空气污染的重要来源之一,也是当前威胁人类健康的主要杀手之一。开发高效净化甲醛的新技术是解决空气污染的重要途径。生物因能动态、持续地吸收利用甲醛,使得生物净化成为一种新兴、高效、绿色的甲醛污染防治技术。甲基营养菌等微生物可特异地吸收、同化甲醛等一碳化合物,逐渐成为生物净化甲醛的新宠。本文在分析甲醛的危害及其净化技术现状的基础上,从种群多样性、作用机理和应用等方面综述了微生物净化甲醛的研究进展。

Purification effects and mechanism of microorganisms on formaldehyde

Formaldehyde is a kind of toxic gas,which is colorless,strongly irritative,and is harmful to the smell and immune function of human body.At present,the rapid development of the industry and the prevalent indoor-decoration make formaldehyde become an important source of industrial waste gas and indoor air pollution,which menaces human health.Developing new technology to effectively purify formaldehyde is a necessary way to prevent the gas pollution.Microorganisms can dynamically and continously purify formaldehyde and have become a new important green efficient technology to prevent and control formaldehyde pollution.Some microbes,especially methylotrophs,can absorb and assimilate C1 compounds such as formaldehyde specifically,and generally become a new trend for purifying formaldehyde.This article summarizes the research progress of methylotrophs on purifying formaldehyde from aspects of population diversity,mechanism,application and so on.