秦岭川金丝猴成年雌性优势资源占有与社会等级的判定

群体生活利弊并存,有利的一面是降低了被捕食的风险和提高了优势资源共享度,不利的一面是时刻面临群内资源竞争。等级关系是群居非人灵长类物种中最常见的一种资源调节方式,制约着优势资源在个体间的分配。为了探讨川金丝猴群的优势资源占有规律与社会等级的关系,本研究以秦岭北坡中段周至国家级自然保护区内玉皇庙村的一个人工投食川金丝猴的4 个一雄多雌单元(OMU)内成年雌性为研究对象,从2009 年9 月至2010 年1 月通过设计同心圆,以优势资源区域占有频次、时间等参数指标计算获取程度,从而对该猴群成年雌性的等级关系进行判定。结果证实取食和休息阶段的等级顺序基本上一致,通过Spearman 相关性非参数检验将投食和休息时的等级顺序与早期采用取代行为判定结果进行比较,具有极显著的正相关性。本研究表明利用优势资源占有确立单元内雌性等级具有一定的可行性,并且在野外操作和数据统计上更简单易行,可以在更短的时间内迅速判定雌性等级,或许能为野外投食和笼养条件下非人灵长类雌性等级的研究提供一种新的判定方法。

The correlation between dominance rank and spatial position of adult females in one-male units of the golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Qinling Mountains, China

Group-living imposes costs and provides benefits for animals. While potential benefits may include decreased predation risk and greater defense of important resources,one of most prominent cost associated with group living is an increase in intra-group competition for important resources. Dominance rank is a common regulating resource fashion in
group-living nonhuman primates,influencing the distribution of dominance resource among individuals. Aiming to establish the correlation between spatial position and female rank in golden snub-nosed monkeys,we selected four one-male units (OMU)of provisioned Qinling golden snub-nosed monkeys as target units during September 2009 and January 2010,by setting various spatial position of different density,to calculated the gain extent of dominance resource depend on the frequency and duration of dominance spatial position occupancy,at Yuhuangmiao village in the Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve in the north slope of Qinling Mountains,China. Our results showed that female ranks during feeding and resting periods were consistent,and they were positively correlated with the rank orders which were determined by displacement using Spearman Correlation Test. This study showed that compared with dominance index of displacement,the dominance index of defending dominant resources was feasible and easier in operation and statistic,and can determine female ranks quickly. The dominance index of defending dominant resources may facilitate the study of individual ranks in non-human primates under captivity and provisioning conditions of nature as a new determining method.