Affiliation: | 1.Laboratory of Ecosystem Management, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 jo, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan ;3.Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Societies, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan ;4.Department of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Midorimachi 582, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan ;5.Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hokkaido Research Organization, Kita 19 jo, Nishi 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan ;6.Nature Conservation Division, Akita Prefecture, 4-1-1 Sanno, Akita, Akita, 010-8570, Japan ; |