Omega-3 fatty acids in dry eye and corneal nerve regeneration after refractive surgery |
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| Authors: | Jiucheng He Haydee E.P. Bazan |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia;2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia;1. Cornea & Refractive Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;2. Department of Ophthalmology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile;3. Boston Image Reading Center, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA;4. Cornea Service, New England Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA;1. Boston Image Reading Center, New England Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;2. Cornea Service, New England Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;3. Ocular Surface Imaging Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;4. Cornea & Refractive Surgery Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;5. Boston Foundation for Sight, Needham, MA, USA;6. Boston Eye Pain Foundation, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA;1. Department of Optometry, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Torfe Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran;4. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;6. Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran;1. Clínica Novovisión, Madrid, Spain;2. Instituto de Oftalmobiología Aplicada, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain;3. Clínica Rementería, Madrid, Spain;4. Hospital Universitario “Príncipe de Asturias”, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;5. Department of Ophthalmology, University General, Hospital of Alexandroupolis, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece |
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| Abstract: | Dry eye (DE) is a multifactorial condition that affects the surface of the eye and induces an inflammatory response. Corneal nerves play an important role in the maintenance of a healthy ocular surface. Here we review corneal structure, nerve architecture, DE conditions, and nerve regeneration following corneal surgery and discuss how n-3 fatty acids affect the health of the cornea. Animal studies show that resolvins, compounds derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), increase tear volume and decrease inflammation induced by DE. After corneal surgery in rabbits, treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) or pigment epithelial derived factor (PEDF) in conjunction with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increase nerve density and corneal epithelial cell proliferation. Increased synthesis of the novel docosanoid, neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1), was found in corneas after the animals were treated with PEDF and DHA. Topical application of these lipids derived from n-3 fatty acids could be useful in treating DE and prevent clinical complications such as cornea erosion and ulcerations. |
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