黑龙江省10年来熊类资源的分布及变动趋势

熊类是大型动物,其毛皮、油脂以及胆、掌、肉等都有很高的利用价值,因此,在黑龙江省林区,熊类历来是重要的狩猎对象。然而,熊是大型猛兽,每被击伤或受惊扰,常凶猛袭人,故猎熊并非易事。历史文献中曾记载:“熊矫捷而罴憨猛,皆兽之绝有力者”,又说,“刺虎者,不过五人一排…刺熊罴,非十人不能胜。盖其力倍于虎也”(《满洲源流考》)。现在,黑龙江省的猎人,通常是在冬季待熊在树洞或地穴中冬眠时进行猎杀,即猎取洞中冬眠的熊,俗称“掏仓子”,或在春季捕捉刚出洞的幼熊,故每年都有一定的猎取量。

THE DISTRIBUTION AND THE CHANGING TENDS OF BEAR RESOURCES IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS

The bears are large animals and have become a hunting target for a long time in Heilongjiang Province because of the value of their furs, fat, gallbladders, palms and meat. There are two species in this province, namely the black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus ussuricus) and the brown (Ursus arctos lasiotus), which are sympatrjcally distributed over the Lesser Xinganling Mountains and the mountainous area of east Heilongjiang. But along the Great Xinganling Mountains only are found the brown ones. In winter, especially after the fall of snow, these two species of bears are in a state of hibernation, either inside tree holes or in burrows. The hunters mainly hunt winter sleeping bears or capture the young ones in spring. Because of the over hunting and the destruction of their habitats, the quantity of bears are coming down with each passing year.This article analyses the distribution and the changing tends of bear resources in the recent years in Heilongjiang Province, according to the information about purchases of bear skin from 1971 to 1982. Figures show that in the last ten years, the quantity of bears are becoming less. We can see this clearly from the diagram of fig.2. From the map of bear distribution (fig.l), we can also see that the bears in Heilongjiang province are mainly distributed in the area of Lesser Xinganling Mountains and the Zhan-gguangcailing Mountains.