Nucleolus: the fascinating nuclear body |
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Authors: | Valentina Sirri Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima Pascal Roussel Danièle Hernandez-Verdun |
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Institution: | (1) Nuclei and Cell Cycle, CNRS, Université Paris VI, Université Paris VII, Institut Jacques Monod, 2 place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France;(2) Grupo de Inmunovirología, Biogénesis, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 No. 52-59, Medellin, Colombia |
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Abstract: | Nucleoli are the prominent contrasted structures of the cell nucleus. In the nucleolus, ribosomal RNAs are synthesized, processed
and assembled with ribosomal proteins. RNA polymerase I synthesizes the ribosomal RNAs and this activity is cell cycle regulated.
The nucleolus reveals the functional organization of the nucleus in which the compartmentation of the different steps of ribosome
biogenesis is observed whereas the nucleolar machineries are in permanent exchange with the nucleoplasm and other nuclear
bodies. After mitosis, nucleolar assembly is a time and space regulated process controlled by the cell cycle. In addition,
by generating a large volume in the nucleus with apparently no RNA polymerase II activity, the nucleolus creates a domain
of retention/sequestration of molecules normally active outside the nucleolus. Viruses interact with the nucleolus and recruit
nucleolar proteins to facilitate virus replication. The nucleolus is also a sensor of stress due to the redistribution of
the ribosomal proteins in the nucleoplasm by nucleolus disruption. The nucleolus plays several crucial functions in the nucleus:
in addition to its function as ribosome factory of the cells it is a multifunctional nuclear domain, and nucleolar activity
is linked with several pathologies. Perspectives on the evolution of this research area are proposed. |
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Keywords: | Nucleolus Cell cycle control Assembly Dynamics Nucleolar structure PNB Virus Cancer |
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