Gossypol toxicity and detoxification in Helicoverpa armigera and Heliothis virescens |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;2. Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;3. Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;4. Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, United States;2. Department of Plant and Soils Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2122, United States;3. USDA-ARS Plant Stress and Germplasm Laboratory, Lubbock, TX 79415, United States;1. Centro Universitário Cesmac, Rodovia Divaldo Suruagy s/n, quadra 4 lote 4, Marechal Deodoro, AL, 57160-000, Brazil;2. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE), Rodovia CE 292 Km 15, Crato, CE, 63115-500, Brazil;3. Departamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Avenida Francisco Mota 572, Mossoró, RN, 59625-900, Brazil;4. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30123-970, Brazil;1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture of China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;2. College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;3. United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, MS 38677, USA;4. School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK;2. Cesar Australia, 95 Albert St, Brunswick, Victoria, 3056, Australia;3. School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia;4. CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, Western Australia, 6014, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Gossypol is a polyphenolic secondary metabolite produced by cotton plants, which is toxic to many organisms. Gossypol's aldehyde groups are especially reactive, forming Schiff bases with amino acids of proteins and cross-linking them, inhibiting enzyme activities and contributing to toxicity. Very little is known about gossypol's mode of action and its detoxification in cotton-feeding insects that can tolerate certain concentrations of this compound. Here, we tested the toxicity of gossypol and a gossypol derivative lacking free aldehyde groups (SB-gossypol) toward Helicoverpa armigera and Heliothis virescens, two important pests on cotton plants. Larval feeding studies with these two species on artificial diet supplemented with gossypol or SB-gossypol revealed no detectable toxicity of gossypol, when the aldehyde groups were absent. A cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP6AE14, is upregulated in H. armigera feeding on gossypol, and has been claimed to directly detoxify gossypol. However, using in vitro assays with heterologously expressed CYP6AE14, no metabolites of gossypol were detected, and further studies suggest that gossypol is not a direct substrate of CYP6AE14. Furthermore, larvae feeding on many other plant toxins also upregulate CYP6AE14. Our data demonstrate that the aldehyde groups are critical for the toxicity of gossypol when ingested by H. armigera and H. virescens larvae, and suggest that CYP6AE14 is not directly involved in gossypol metabolism, but may play a role in the general stress response of H. armigera larvae toward plant toxins. |
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| Keywords: | Insect plant interaction Gossypol detoxification Cytochrome P450 CYP6AE14 DMSO"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0045"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"dimethyl sulfoxide P450"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0055"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"cytochrome P450 monooxygenase SB-gossypol"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0065"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Schiff base gossypol |
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