Cadmium,iron and zinc interaction and hematological parameters in rat dams and their offspring |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States;2. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, United States;1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States;2. Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States;3. Animal Resources Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States;1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China;1. Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic;2. Institute of Neuroradiology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany;3. Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany;4. Innlandet Hospital Trust, Kongsvinger, Norway;5. Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway;1. Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;2. Department of Obstetric, Perinatology and Gynecology, Polish Mother''s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, ul. Rzgowska281/289, 93-338 Łódz, Poland;3. PreMediCare New Med Medical Centre, ul. Drużbickiego 13, 61-693 Poznań, Poland;4. Scientific Laboratory of the Center of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics and Screening, Polish Mother''s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, ul. Rzgowska281/289, Łódz, 93-338, Poland;5. Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Umultowska89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;6. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;1. Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark, Denmark;2. Innlandet Hospital Trust and Hedmark University College, Elverum, Norway, Norway |
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| Abstract: | The effects of cadmium (Cd) were evaluated in offspring exposed from birth until weaning (neonatal day 0–21) and 4 weeks after exposure cessation focusing on iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) levels in organs and hematological parameters. Wistar female rats were administered 50 mg Cd/L in drinking water (Cd-exposed) for 4 weeks before mating and during 3 weeks of gestation plus 3 weeks of lactation. Controls were supplied drinking water. At birth, part of Cd-exposed dams’ litters was cross-fostered to control dams (CCd group) and their control litters were cross-fostered to Cd-exposed dams (CdC group). This procedure enabled to discern the effects of gestational, lactational and gestational plus lactational Cd exposure until weaning in F1 offspring. Elements were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry; hematological parameters manually; and histopathological changes by light microscopy. Gestational plus lactational exposure in Cd-exposed dams and their offspring increased Cd and decreased Fe levels, increased Zn in dams and decreased Zn and body weights in 11- and 21-day pups. In 21-day weanling pups, decreased red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin and hematocrit values and increased reticulocytes in peripheral blood were also found with concomitant histopathological finding of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver. In cross-fostered pups with gestational exposure (CCd pups), Fe in the liver decreased on day 11 and Zn increased in the kidney on day 21 whereas in pups with lactational exposure (CdC pups) Zn in the brain decreased on day 11 and Fe decreased in the liver and brain on day 21. Regardless of exposure cessation at weaning, in offspring with gestational plus lactational exposure (Cd-exposed) body weights, kidney and brain Fe levels and RBC and hemoglobin remained decreased in blood until puberty. Furthermore Zn levels increased in the liver, kidney and brain. It was concluded that gestational plus lactational Cd exposure caused decreases in Fe and Zn levels and hematotoxic effects in F1 offspring more pronouncedly than exposure during either gestational or lactational period alone and the adverse effects of maternally mediated Cd exposure continued after exposure cessation into adulthood. |
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| Keywords: | Cadmium Iron Zinc Maternal exposure Offspring Rat |
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