The Mechanics of Root Lodging in Winter Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

The anchorage of winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., is providedby a cone of rigid coronal roots which emerge from around thestem base. During root lodging this cone rotates at its windwardedge below the soil surface, the soil inside the cone movingas a block and compressing the soil beneath. A theoretical modelof anchorage suggested that lodging resistance should be dependenton the diameter of the root-soil cone, coronal root bendingstrength and soil shear strength. We tested the predictions of the anchorage model by carryingout two series of experiments. In the first, varieties of contrastinglodging resistances were artificially lodged. The moment requiredto rotate plants into the soil, the diameter of the root-soilcone, and the bending strength of the coronal roots were recorded.The lodging moment was correlated with the size of the soilcone, as predicted. Generally, differences in anchorage strengthbetween varieties were due to differences in root-soil conediameter, although coronal root strength was also important. A second series of tests was carried out using model plantsanchored by plastic discs. The behaviour of the models duringartificial lodging supported the anchorage model; the forceresisting lodging was similar to that of plants with root-soilcones of the same size and the resisting force was dependenton the soil strength. These results suggest that root lodging resistance might beimproved by increasing both the angle of spread and the bendingstrength of the coronal roots. Key words: Anchorage, root-soil cone, coronal roots, lodging, wheat