玉米抗寒生理指标的遗传效应分析

以6个不同的玉米自交系为亲本，按6×6Griffing I完全双列杂交设计组配36个组合，测定低温处理后亲子代可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、丙二醛（MDA）和脯氨酸（Pro）含量以及过氧化物酶（POD）活性。结果表明，除可溶性糖外，其他生理指标中的平均中亲优势均表现为正向优势。杂种F1与亲本的相应性状的中亲值关系比较密切，可利用双亲平均值预测F1表现。玉米抗寒性受细胞质影响较小，主要是核遗传。POD活性和脯氨酸含量主要受加性效应的影响，可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量主要受非加性效应的影响，可溶性糖含量受加性与非加性效应的共同作用。5个生理指标的广义遗传力均远远大于狭义遗传力。

Genetic Analysis of Physiological Indices Related to Cold Resistance in Maize

A set of 6×6 full diallel （Griffing I） crosses were made using six different inbred lines of maize （Zea mays L.）. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, malondiadehyde （MDA）, proline and peroxidase （POD） activity of the 36 crosses including 6 parental lines and 30 reciprocal crosses were evaluated after the low temperature treatment （4 ℃）. The results showed that a positive mid-parent heterosis was observed for all the tested physiological indices except soluble sugar content. Values of the tested physiological indices in the F1 were highly correlated with their respective mid-parent values, thus the performance of F1 could be predicted by their mid-parent value. Cold resistance of maize was mainly controlled by nucleus genes and was less affected by the cytoplasm. POD activity and proline content were mainly affected by the additive gene effect, while the contents of soluble protein and MDA were mainly affected by the non-additive gene effect; however soluble sugar content was affected by both the additive gene effect and the non-additive gene effect. The broad sense heritabilities of the tested five physiological indices were greater than the narrow sense heritabilities.