松嫩草原区农牧林复合系统中小型土壤动物群落生态研究

通过野外选择样地，设置样方，调查了温带地区松嫩草原区农牧林复合系统中小型土壤动物群落的生态特征．结果表明，中小型土壤动物的优势类群是球角跳虫科(Hypogastruridae)、辐螨(Actinedida)、革螨(Gamasida)和甲螨(Oribatida)，常见类群是节跳虫科(Isotomidae)和叶蝉科(Jassidae)，从玉米田、草地和杨树林3个子系统的对比分析看，草地物种最丰富，多样性最高，生境条件最优越，中小型土壤动物的个体数和类群数随土层深度的增加而递减，表聚性明显；但3个子系统的垂直分布特征不完全相同，运用主成分分析方法，分析了主要土壤环境要素和气侯要素与中小型土壤节肢动物群落的相关关系，发现土壤环境要素是影响中小型土壤动物群落的主导因子。

Ecological study on small-middle size soil animals in a compound ecosystem of farmland, grassland and woodland in the grassland region of Songnen Plain

Based on the method of selecting samples in field, the ecological characters of small-middle size soil animals communities were investigated in a compound ecosystem of farmland, grassland and woodland in the grassland region of Songnen Plain. The results showed that the dominant groups were Hypogastruridae, Actinedida, Gamasida and Oribatida; and the common groups were fsotomidae and Jassidae. From the comparison analysis of farmland, grassland and woodland, the diversity of small-middle size soil animals communities was the highest in grassland, and the habitat in grassland was superior to the other two. The number of individuals and groups of small-middle size soil animals was decreased with increasing soil depth, and the surface gathering was obvious. But, the characteristics of vertical distribution in the three subsystems were different. Using the principal component analysis, the correlations between soil environmental factors and small-middle size soil animals communities and those between climate factors and small-middle size soil animals communities were analyzed. The results showed that soil environmental factors were the dominant factors affecting small-middle size soil animals communities.