DNA barcoding survey of Trichoderma diversity in soil and litter of the Colombian lowland Amazonian rainforest reveals Trichoderma strigosellum sp. nov. and other species |
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Authors: | Carlos A. López-Quintero Lea Atanasova A. Esperanza Franco-Molano Walter Gams Monika Komon-Zelazowska Bart Theelen Wally H. Müller Teun Boekhout Irina Druzhinina |
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Affiliation: | 1. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS-KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands 2. TEHO Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia 3. Microbiology Group, Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a/E166-5, 1060, Vienna, Austria 4. Formerly at CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS-KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands 5. Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract: | The diversity of Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) colonizing leaf litter as well as the rhizosphere of Garcinia macrophylla (Clusiaceae) was investigated in primary and secondary rain forests in Colombian Amazonia. DNA barcoding of 107 strains based on the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and 2) of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and the partial sequence of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1) gene revealed that the diversity of Trichoderma was dominated (71 %) by three common cosmopolitan species, namely Trichoderma harzianum sensu lato (41 %), Trichoderma spirale (17 %) and Trichoderma koningiopsis (13 %). Four ITS 1 and 2 phylotypes (13 strains) could not be identified with certainty. Multigene phylogenetic analysis and phenotype profiling of four strains with an ITS1 and 2 phylotype similar to Trichoderma strigosum revealed a new sister species of the latter that is described here as Trichoderma strigosellum sp. nov. Sequence similarity searches revealed that this species also occurs in soils of Malaysia and Cameroon, suggesting a pantropical distribution. |
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