中国昆虫生态学研究的透视

<正> 昆虫生态学在我国是通过几十年来密切结合农、林、牧实际,解决生产中不断提出的重大问题而发展起来的。随着研究问题不断深入,交叉学科不断渗透,使昆虫生态学在生物学宏观领域中成为迅速发展的一门学科。现将7个主要领域研究的动态加以评述。

A PERSPECTIVE ON INSECT ECOLOGICAL STUDIES IN CHINA

In this paper the ecological studies in China are reviewed under 7subjects as following.(1) Insect Mathematical EcologyBased on the data of life tables and population dynamics of insect pests ga-thered through many years, many prediction models of insect populations (e.g.,population simulation models, statistics models, matrix models, catastrophy models,grey system models) have been proposed. In studies on applications of natural en-emies for controlling insect pests, many models are also proposed for the actionrelationship and mechanism of the predator-prey system and the effects of climaticfactors against the searching efficiency of predators.(2) Insect Economic EcologyPractices of pest control should be based on the theory of economic ecology,i.e., performing the decision management of pests by combining applications ofthe management principles of economic ecology and system analysis methods. Instudies of the economic thresholds of insect pests, the single-population economicthresholds of main pests and the compound economic thresholds of multi-popula-tions of rice pests, cotton pests and wheat pests are proposed. In studies of theoptimum decision management of pests, the decision support system of wheat-pestssystem and the optimum decision models of rice-pests system, cotton-cotton bollworm system, the Chinese pine-Chinese pine caterpillar system, citrus-pests systemetc. are proposed.(3) Insect Environmental EcologyAtmosphere pollution effects of SO_2, HF, O_3 etc. on the development, repro-duction, mortality, harmfulness etc. of insect pests living on crops polluted havebeen investigated. (4) Insect Physical EcologyIn studies of light effects on insect behaviors, the effects of light wave le-ngth and strength on phototaxis behavior of insects, nagivation principles of light,as well as the light period effects on insects etc., are studied. In studies of tem-perature effects on insects, many studies have been carried out in temperature effe-cts to insect growth and development for calculating development threshold tempe-ratures, effective temperature summations and indexes of life tables of insects.Mathematical models of the relationships of temperatures (low to high temperatu-res) and insect developmental rates are proposed. The discoveries in studies ofinsect sound analyses are applied for identifications of local species and field sta-tistical trapping.(5) Ecological EnergeticsThrough studies of the single population in laboratories and fields and thecrop-pest-natural enemy ecological systems, the energetic input-output dynamicsof various ecological levels is determined, and its economic significances and thecorresponding pest-control strategies are discussed.(6) Studies on Insect CommunitiesIn various biotopes of farmlands, orchards, forests, grasslands etc., followingcharacteristics of insect communities are studied: the similarity, diversity,stabilityetc of insect community structures; successions, orders, classifications of insectcommunities; the effects of the mankind's activities and the changes of plant co-mmunity structures on insect community structures and ecological efficiencies;managing the development of insect communities under the guidances of the lawsof economic ecology.(7) Insect Chemical EcologyPheromones of more than 30 insect species and their effects on insect beha-viors are studied, many of which are spplied for trapping, monitoring and controlof insect pests in orchards, cotton fields, pine forests, vegetables, sugercanes andcrops. The effects of secondary substances of plants on insects are also studied.