Microfilarial surface carbohydrates as a function of developmental stage and ensheathment status in six species of filariids

The lectin-binding properties of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus, O. lienalis, Brugia pahangi, Wuchereria bancrofti, Dirofilaria immitis, and Monanema (= Ackertia) marmotae share a number of characteristics. Carbohydrates specific for lectins are associated with the egg shell or sheath. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is the predominant carbohydrate associated with the ensheathed forms with lesser quantities of D-galactose and/or alpha-lactose and D-galactosamine. The density of these carbohydrates on the sheath surface diminishes as the larvae undergo normal growth and development. Similar carbohydrates are not found on the cuticle as exsheathed microfilariae show virtually no ability to bind lectins.