Granular activated carbon single-chamber microbial fuel cells (GAC-SCMFCs): A design suitable for large-scale wastewater treatment processes |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;2. US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. S.W., Code 6100, Washington, DC 20375, USA;1. Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;2. Key Laboratory of Water Quality Safety and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;4. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;5. School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States;6. South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China;1. Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK;2. Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK;1. Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany;2. Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuserstr. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany;3. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991 Russia;4. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, 125047 Russia;1. School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 1137 Alumni Avenue, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada;2. Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada;1. Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China;2. Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China |
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| Abstract: | As an emerging biotechnology capable of removing contaminants and producing electricity, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) hold a promising future in wastewater treatment. However, several main problems, including the high internal resistance (Rin), low power output, expensive material, and complicated configuration have severely hindered the large-scale application of MFCs. The study targeted these challenges by developing a novel MFC system, granular activated carbon single-chamber MFC, termed as GAC-SCMFC. The batch tests showed that GAC was a good substitute for carbon cloth and GAC-SCMFCs generated high and stable power outputs compared with the traditional two-chamber MFCs (2CMFCs). Critical operational parameters (i.e. wastewater substrate concentrations, GAC amount, electrode distance) affecting the performance of GAC-SCMFCs were examined at different levels. The results showed that the Rin gradually decreased from 60 Ω to 45 Ω and the power output increased from 0.2 W/m3 to 1.2 W/m3 when the substrate concentrations increased from 100 mg/L to 850 mg/L. However, at high concentrations of 1000–1500 mg/L, the power output leveled off. The Rin of MFCs decreased 50% when the electrode distance was reduced from 7.5 cm to 1 cm. The highest power was achieved at the electrode distance of 2 cm. The power generation increased with more GAC being added in MFCs due to the higher amount of biomass attached. Finally, the multi-anode GAC-SCMFCs were developed to effectively collect the electrons generated in the GAC bed. The results showed that the current was split among the multiple anodes, and the cathode was the limiting factor in the power production of GAC-SCMFCs. |
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