Three different coping styles in police dogs exposed to a short-term challenge |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Ethology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University Faculty of Science, Budapest Pázmány P. s. 1/C 1117, Hungary;2. Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary;1. KU Leuven Department of Biosystems, Leuven, Belgium;2. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;1. Chair of Animal Welfare, Ethology, Animal Hygiene and Husbandry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany;2. Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany;3. Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany;4. Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, DSAR Animal Research & Welfare, Frankfurt, Germany;5. Department of Comparative Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany;1. Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 00126, Perugia, Italy;2. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell''Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Via Salvemini 5, 06126, Perugia, Italy;3. Public Veterinary Services for Urban Hygiene and Prevention of Stray Dogs, USL Umbria 1, Municipal Rescue Dog Shelter, Strada per Brufa snc, 06148, Collestrada, Perugia, Italy;1. Anthrozoology Research Group, School of Psychological Sciences, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton Campus, Monash University, VIC 3800 Australia;2. Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, 90 Hope Drive, Suite 2200, Hershey, PA 17033-0855 USA;3. Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 324 Henning Building, University Park, PA 16802 USA;1. Department of Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Austria;2. Department of Neurochemistry, Neuropharmacology, Neurorehabilitation and Pain Treatment, Karl Landsteiner Research Institute, Landesklinikum Mauer, Austria;3. Department of Applied Psychology, Health, Development, Enhancement & Intervention, Working Group Clinical Psychology, University of Vienna, Austria;4. Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria;5. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria |
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| Abstract: | According to some researchers, animals show different coping styles to deal with stressful situations. In the case of social carnivores, social stress is a substantial part of the overall stress load. Previous research has established two extreme (proactive and reactive) coping styles in several animal species, but means of coping with social stress has not yet been investigated in the case of dogs. The aim of this current study was to examine whether (1) experienced working police dogs adopt different coping strategies during a short-term unexpected social challenge presented by a threatening human, (2) whether this affects post-encounter cortisol levels, and (3) whether there is an association between the cortisol response and the behavior (coping strategy) displayed during the threatening approach. Using factor analysis, we have identified three different group of dogs which were characterized by either fearfulness, aggressiveness, or ambivalence and in parallel showed specific differences in their reaction norm when threatened by an approaching stranger. This grouping also allowed to draw possible parallels between aggressiveness and the proactive behavior style and fearfulness and reactive coping style, respectively. In addition, we have revealed a third group of animals which show ambivalent behavior in a social threatening situation. |
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