Degradation of synthetic reactive azo dyes and treatment of textile wastewater by a fungi consortium reactor |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China;2. Xinxiang Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Xinxiang 453007, China;1. Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India;1. Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, 600083, India;2. Department of Microbiology, Kumararani Meena Muthiah College of Arts & Science, India;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India;4. Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603 110, India;5. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia;6. Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, 13120, South Korea;1. School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India;2. School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India;3. Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, two microbial cultures with high decolorization efficiencies of reactive dyes were obtained and were proved to be dominant with fungi consortium in which 21 fungal strains were isolated and 8 of them showed significant decolorization effect to reactive red M-3BE. A 4.5 l continuous biofilm reactor was established using the mixed cultures to investigate the decolorization performance and the system stability under the conditions of simulated and real textile wastewater as influents. The optimal nutrient feed to this bioreactor was 0.5 g l−1 glucose and 0.1 g l−1 (NH4)2SO4 when 30 mg l−1 reactive black 5 was used as initial dye concentrations. Dye mineralization rates of 50–75% and color removal efficiencies of 70–80% were obtained at 12 h hydraulic retention time (HRT) in this case. Higher glucose concentrations in the influents could significantly improve color removal, but was not helpful for dye mineralization. Besides reactive black 5, the bioreactor could effectively decolorize reactive red M-3BE, acid red 249 and real textile wastewater with efficiency of 65%, 94% and 89%, respectively. In addition, the microbial community on the biofilm was monitored in the whole running process. The results indicated fungi as a dominant population in the decolorization system with the ratio of fungi to bacteria 6.8:1 to 51.8:1 under all the tested influent conditions. Analysis of molecular biological detection indicated that yeasts of genus Candida occupied 70% in the fungal clone library based on 26S rRNA gene sequences. |
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