Unusual and abnormal canine estrous cycles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Section of Reproduction, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa;2. Rant-en-Dal Veterinary Clinic, Krugersdorp, South Africa;1. Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Department of Veterinary Science, Torreon, 27056, Mexico;2. Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, Department of Animal Nutrition, Saltillo, 25315, Mexico;1. Tyresö Djurklinik, Öringevägen 1, SE-13549 Tyresö, Sweden;2. Anicura Regional Animal Hospital Bagarmossen, Ljusnevägen 17, 128 48 Bagarmossen, Sweden;3. Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;4. Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala (CRU), Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;1. Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran;2. Tokushima University, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Myozai-gun, Tokushima, Japan;3. Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran;4. Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran;1. Dyrlægegruppen Frijsenborg A/S, Hammel, Denmark;2. Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | Preovulatory serum progesterone concentrations are used to estimate the day of LH peak (day 0), not only to accurately time insemination and predict parturition, but to identify abnormal or unusual estrous cycles due to ovarian dysfunction. Early identification of these disorders is of therapeutic and economic importance. This review discusses anovulation, slow preovulatory progesterone rise, “split heat”, insufficient luteal phase, and persistent estrus in the bitch. Some of these were temporary dysfunctions; with appropriate breeding management, pregnancy can be achieved. However, in other cases, these were signs of severe, permanent ovarian dysfunction associated with infertility, with potentially lethal sequelae. |
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