Combined exposure to parasite and pesticide causes increased mortality in the water flea Daphnia |
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Authors: | Claudia C Buser Mieke Jansen Kevin Pauwels Luc De Meester Piet Spaak |
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Institution: | 1. Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, ??berlandstrasse 133, 8600, D??bendorf, Switzerland 2. Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Z??rich, Universit?tsstrasse 16, 8092, Z??rich, Switzerland 4. School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand 3. Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract: | Organisms are exposed to multiple biotic and abiotic environmental stressors, which can influence the dynamics of individual populations and communities. Populations may also genetically adapt to both natural (e.g. disease) and anthropogenic (e.g. chemical pollution) stress. In the present study, we studied fitness consequences of exposure to both a parasite (i.e. biotic) and a pesticide (i.e. abiotic) for the water flea Daphnia. In addition, we investigated whether these fitness consequences change through time as a population evolves. Thus, we exposed Daphnia magna clones, hatched from dormant eggs isolated from different time layers of a natural dormant egg bank, to the parasite Pasteuria ramosa and the insecticide diazinon in a multifactorial experiment. While our experimental treatments for unknown reasons failed to induce disease symptoms in the Daphnia, we did observe a reduced survival of D. magna when simultaneously exposed to both the parasite and the pesticide. No increased mortality upon exposure to individual stressors was observed. We did not observe an evolutionary change in fitness response of the Daphnia clones hatched from different time horizons upon exposure to stressors. |
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