Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) protects brain against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by diabetes in rats |
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Authors: | Sefa Celik Suat Erdogan |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Tayfur Sokmen Kampusu, 31034 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey;(2) Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Ali Cetinkaya Campus, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey |
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Abstract: | Diabetic patients reveal significant disorders, such as nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and neuropathy. As oxidative stress and
inflammation seem to be implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic brain, we aimed to investigate the effects of caffeic acid
phenethyl ester (CAPE) on oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rat brain. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of
streptozotocin (45 mg kg−1, i.p.) injection into rats. Two days after streptozotocin treatment 10 μM kg−1 day−1 CAPE was administrated and continued for 60 days. Here, we demonstrate that CAPE significantly decreased the levels of nitric
oxide and malondialdehyde induced by diabetes, and the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and xanthine oxidase
in the brain. However, glutathione levels were increased by CAPE. The mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and
interferon (IFN)-γ, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were remarkably enhanced in brain by diabetes. CAPE treatments significantly suppressed these inflammatory cytokines
(about 70% for TNF-α, 26% for IFN-γ) and NOS (completely). Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 mRNA expression was not affected
by either diabetes or CAPE treatments. In conclusion, diabetes induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, and
these may be contributory mechanisms involved in this disorder. CAPE treatment may reverse the diabetic-induced oxidative
stress in rat brains. Moreover, CAPE reduces the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IFN-γ in diabetic brain; suggesting CAPE suppresses
inflammation as well as oxidative stress occurred in the brain of diabetic patients. |
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Keywords: | Diabetes Caffeic acid phenethyl ester Oxidative stress Inflammation Brain Rat |
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