白蜡虫寄生蜂对颜色的选择性及活动规律

在云南省昆明市白汉场白蜡园中采用不同颜色对白蜡虫寄生蜂进行了颜色趋性实验,利用寄生蜂对颜色的趋性进行了红色、黄色、蓝色、蓝绿色、绿色、灰褐色、白色和黑色8种颜色、6:00-9:00am,9:00-12:00am,12:00am-15:00pm和15:00pm-18:00pm4个时段、寄主林树冠上部、中部、下部3个位置高度和东、南、西、北4个方位以及在阴天、雨天和晴天3种天气下的白蜡虫寄生蜂活动规律观察。结果表明,白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂(Microterys ericeri Ishii)、白蜡虫阔柄跳小蜂(Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang)和中华花翅跳小蜂(Microterys sinicus Jiang)3种寄生蜂优势种对黄色有明显的趋向性,对颜色的选择性依次为黄色>蓝色>蓝绿色>绿色>白色>灰褐色>红色>黑色。在白蜡园寄主林,寄主植物中部诱集的白蜡虫寄生蜂数量最多,占52.21%;其次是下部,占39.80%;顶部最少,仅占7.99%。白蜡虫寄生蜂的活动与白蜡虫在寄主植物上的分布密切相关。白蜡虫寄生蜂在不同方向上的活动差异不显著。在一天中的不同时段里,白蜡虫寄生蜂在6:00-9:00am有一个活动高峰期,在15:00-18:00pm出现一个次高峰期。白蜡虫寄生蜂在晴天活动较活跃,在阴天和雨天活动较少。

Color Preference and Active Regularity of the Parasite Wasps of Ericerus pela

The color preference of the Parasite Wasps of Ericerus pela was studied in the white wax garden. Eight kinds of color boards (red,yellow,blue,blue-green,green,grey brown,white and black) were used to attract the parasite wasps of Ericerus pela. The active regularity of the parasite wasps E. pela were observed during four periods per day ( 6: 00-9:00,9:00-12:00,12:00-15:00 and 15:00-18:00 ) at three heights of the host trees ( the crown, middle and lower part) with four directions ( east,south,west and north) during sunny,cloudy and rainy days. The results showed that three dominant species of the parasite wasps of E. pela, Microterys ericeri Ishii, Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang and Microterys sinicus Jiang had obvious preference to the yellow color. The next color preference in turn were blue,blue-green,green,white,grey brown,red and black. Numbers of the trapped parasite wasps were various in different parts of the host trees. The largest number was in the middle of the host tree,next was in their lower part, and the fewest number was in their crown. The percentage of parasite wasps was 52.21%,39.80% and 7.99%, respectively. The activities of the parasite wasps were closely related to distribution of E. pela on the host trees. There was not obvious difference of the wasp activities in different directions. An active climax occurred from 6:00-9:00 and then appeared from 15:00-18:00. Parasite wasps of E. pela were more active in sunny days rather than cloudy and rainy days.