应用微卫星标DNA记对三个封闭群兔遗传分析

目的检测国内Et本大耳白兔、青紫蓝兔、新西兰白兔的遗传背景及遗传结构，为封闭群兔遗传检测方法建立和标准化提供基础资料。方法应用18个微卫星标记及荧光标记一半自动基因分型技术对三个群体95个个体进行Hardy．Weinberg检测，统计每个位点等位基因频率、杂合度、F值、遗传距离等信息。结果三个种群平均等位基因观测数为3．167、4．556、3．444，平均观测杂合度为0．444、0．5230、0．4976。18个位点平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0．410、0．549、0．470，日本大耳白兔6个位点HWE检验（P〈0．05），显著偏离Hardy—Weinberg平衡，并在Satl3，INRCCDDV0088位点基因型完全纯和，新西兰白兔和青紫蓝兔分别有2个位点显著偏离Hardy—Weinberg平衡。三个种群遗传距离：青紫蓝兔与新西兰白兔遗传距离最近，为0．124，与日本大耳白兔遗传关系最远，为0．320；新西兰白兔与日本大耳白兔较远，为0：10。结论三个种群有各自不同遗传特征，遗传多样性较高，种群间分化明显。个别位点偏离遗传平衡，推测人工繁育过程中存在一定问题。

Genetic analysis of three groups of closed clolony rabbits using microsatellite DNA markers

Objective To analyze the population genetics of three groups of closed colony rabbits：Japanese white rabbits（JWR） ,Chinchilla rabbits（CR） ,and New Zealand rabbits（NZWR）. Methods 18 microsatellite loci were selected and tested by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （HWE） , and the values of the allele frequency, observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity,the F-statistic value and the genetic distance were counted. Resualts In three populations, the average number of observed alleles respectively are 3. 167,4. 556,3. 444;The average observed heterozygosity respectively are 0. 444,0. 5230,0. 4976;The average polymorphism information content （ PIC ） respectively are 0. 410,0. 549,0. 470. Four loci showed evident deviation from that of the HWE （P 〈 0. 05） and two loci of Satl3 and INRCCDDV0088 are completely homozygous in JWR population; There are two loci evident deviation from HWE in CR and NZW. The genetic distance of CR and NZW is 0. 124, while that of CR and JWR being 0. 320 and JWR and CR being 0. 310. Conclusions Three populations have different genetic characteristics, whose genetic diversity are relatively rich. Several loci are evident deviation from that of the HWE, which probably indicates that certain problems exist in the process of artificial breeding.