On a skull of a fossil macaque from the shikimizu limestone quarry in the Shikoku district,Japan

An almost complete calvaria of an adult macaque was found among remain from the Shikimizu limestone quarry at Hijikawa-cho, Kita-gun, Ehime Pref., Shikoku, Japan. Its exact age is unknown, but probably Pleistocene because mammalian bones from this quarry include not only recent but some Pleistocene elements. The Shikimizu skull has a somewhat different feature as compared with the skull of livingMacaca fuscata, mainly in that its facial region is much broader. In this feature, the Shikimizu skull seems to somewhat resembleMacaca robustus from China, suggesting that the older the lineage offuscata is traced back in the Pleistocene, the more its ancestral type would becomerobustus-like in the morphology.