绍兴黄酒酒药中酵母菌的物种资源

酒药是绍兴黄酒酿造中使用的重要糖化发酵剂。2013年绍兴黄酒冬酿期间,从绍兴地区5个主要黄酒生产企业,采集古越龙山、会稽山、塔牌、沈永和、女儿红及鉴湖等6个品牌酒药样本,在数量、种类和分布规律等方面对黄酒酒药内酵母菌物种资源进行了系统研究。研究发现,会稽山酒药和沈永和酒药蕴含酵母菌数量较多而且与其他样本相比差异显著（P<0.01）,而塔牌酒药中酵母菌数量显著少于其他5个品牌（P<0.05）。遵循酵母菌分类原则,从绍兴黄酒酒药中分离鉴定出3种酵母菌,扣囊复膜孢酵母Saccharomycopsis fibuligera、酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae和隐球酵母Cryptococcus sp.。其中,扣囊复膜孢酵母Saccharomycopsis fibuligera在6个品牌黄酒酒药内的分布占有绝对优势,该种酵母菌可能对绍兴黄酒酒药的生产性能来说至关重要。比较分析酒药中酵母菌物种资源,可以为阐明绍兴黄酒的发酵机制提供基础数据和理论基础。

Yeast species in the fermentation starter of Shaoxing ricewine

“jiuyao” is an important saccharification and fermentation starter used in the production of Shaoxing ricewine. Samples of starter (jiuyao) used for the fermentation of different brands of Shaoxing ricewine, including Guyuelongshan, Kuaijishan, Tapai, Shenyonghe, Nüerhong and Jianhu, were collected during the winter of 2013 and then subjected for quantitative yeast isolation. The result showed that the colony counts of yeasts in the starter samples of Kuaijishan and Shenyonghe were significantly higher than those in the other samples (P<0.01), while the Tapai samples showed the lowest yeast counts among the samples compared (P<0.05). Three yeast species, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cryptococcus sp., were identified from the yeast strains isolated using the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence analysis. Saccharomycopsis fibuligera was found to be an dominant species in all the samples examined, suggesting that this species may be crucial for the quality of starter.