Evaluation and Risk Management by Using Ocimum bacillicum Against Waterborne Pathogens

Food and medicinal plants have been used for centuries against human diseases. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of different parts of Ocimum bacillicum Lam. (Niazboo or Sweet basil) of family Lamiaceae were investigated in vitro for their antibacterial properties against waterborne pathogens. The antibacterial properties of different parts of Ocimum bacillicum samples were assessed against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, which were isolated from water samples and identified by the API 20E method. The extracts from leaves and seeds of Ocimum bacillicum showed more antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and E. coli at 37°C than those obtained from shoots, roots, and buds. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations were observed for leaves and seeds as compared to other parts of the plant. No activity of alum was observed against the tested bacterial strains. The seeds of Ocimum bacillicum were associated with higher coagulation activity in comparison to other parts of the plant and were comparable with alum. These results suggest that parts of a plant offer a potential for antimicrobial treatment of drinking water, but needs further exploration.