湖北省泽泻科、水鳖科、眼子菜科及茨藻科植物花粉形态研究

本文利用光镜及扫描电镜对湖北省泽泻科、水鳖科、眼子菜科及茨藻科11属29种1变种1变型植物(另加采于湛江的软骨草)的花粉形态进行了研究,发现泽泻科植物花粉具多个圆形萌发孔,外壁表面为小刺状纹饰;茨藻科植物花粉具远极单槽,表面为绉波状纹饰;眼子菜科及本文研究的水鳖科植物花粉均无萌发孔,分别具网状和小刺状饰纹饰。1.茨藻科植物花粉最原始,泽泻科花粉较进化,眼子菜科花粉较水鳖科花粉进化;2.泽泻属与泽苔草属花粉较慈姑属花粉原始;3.鞘叶眼子菜亚屈花粉较眼子菜亚属的花粉处于更高演化阶段;4.多孔茨藻花粉在该科中最原始。本文工作尚对易变形水生植物花粉形态研究方法进行了尝试。

STUDIES ON THE POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF ALISMATACEAE,HYDROCHARITACEAE,POTAMOGETONACEAE AND NAJADACEAE IN HUBEI PROVINCE

Very rare studies of the pollen morphology in Chinese Helobiae have been carried out The pollen morphology of 29 species, 1 variety and 1 form belonging to 11 genera of Alismataceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Potamogetonaceae and Najadaceae in Hubei Province, China (additionally Lagarosiphon alternifolia growing in Zhanjiang) were investigated in the paper with the aid of light microscope and SEM. The following results were obtainedt: The pollen grains of Alismataceae have many round apertures (pantotreme), their exine surface is ornamented with spinules and those of Najadaceae are distal-monosulcate, their exine surface is rugulate. The pollen grains of 6 genera in Hydrocharitaceae and 2 genera in Potamogetonaceae are inaperture, the former's exine surface are mainly spinulate and the latter reticulate. The relationships among the taxa were discussed according to the pollen morphology in the paper: 1. In the four families, Najadaceae is the most primitive, Alismataceae and Potamogetonaceae are more advanced than Hydrocharitaceae. 2. Both of Alisma and Caldesia are more primitive than Sagittaria, and Hydrilla is the most advanced in Hydrocharitaceae. 3. Subgenus Coleogeton is more advanced than Subgenus Eupotamogeton. 4. Najas foveolata has most primitive pollen grains in the genus. The views above agree with those obtained according to the features of the plants and their karyotypes. Additionally the authors investigated the methods for studying the morphology of pollen which is easily changed in form.